Where To Buy Zinc Oxide

Where To Buy Zinc Oxide

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Zinc oxide powder is a mineral in the form of a fine, white-coloured powder. This powder contains micronized, non-nano, and uncoated particles that are not absorbed into the skin. As measured by the surface area, its Particle size is approximately 4.83 sqm/g.

Furthermore, zinc oxide is widely used as a colourant and a bulking agent in the cosmetic industry. Due to its astringent properties that help keep excess oils from forming on the surface, it works well in mineral makeup. Thereupon, it effectively revives the appearance of and provides glow to your skin. It is sometimes used in acne treatments for this reason. The powder is not soluble in water which is an added benefit when blended in mineral makeup and acting as a sunscreen. Zinc oxide is also used in ointment and cream formulations, particularly for babies, to soothe irritated skin. Although most skin types can benefit from formulations containing zinc oxide, the substance is especially useful to young children whose skin is not fully developed and still delicate. This is because the zinc oxide powder works more of a protective barrier instead of getting absorbed into the skin.

Zinc oxide is the metal zinc that has been oxidized. The chemical formula is ZnO, 1 zinc atom and 1 oxygen atom held together by an ionic bond. Zinc oxide does occur in nature as the mineral zincite, but it is rare and commercially unavailable. Badger's zinc oxide is manufactured using mined zinc which is then purified into pharmaceutical grade zinc oxide.

The top image shows that clear zinc oxide is composed of large particles between about 500 and 9000 nanometers in diameter (5 - 90x larger than nanoparticles). The lower image shows a close up of the zinc oxide crystallites making up the larger particles. You can see that there are no free nanoparticles (which we verified with light scattering analysis). Despite this, and the general acceptance in the USA that clear zinc is non-nano, we have decided not to identify our zinc oxide as non-nano because of the different definitions of nano in some other countries in which we sell our sunscreens. The EU, for example, considers clear zinc oxide to be a nanomaterial because some of the identifiable constituent particles (the little crystallites that make up the larger non-nano particles) are measurable on the nano-scale. But to remind you, there are no detectable free nanoparticles in clear zinc oxide.

A nanoparticle is a particle smaller than 100 nanometers, or 100 billionths of a meter. These images show that non-nano zinc oxide contains few, if any, particles smaller than 100nm and that most particles appear to be in the 100 to 500nm range. The nano / micronized zinc oxide is made of a variety of smaller particle sizes, most of which have at least one dimension that is smaller than 100nm, classifying it as 'nano'.

In addition anayzing several scanning electron microscope images of zinc oxide (as discussed above) we also hired a third party laboratory to conduct a light scattering analysis of the clear zinc oxide (that we currently use) and non-nano zinc oxide (that we used to use). The results would show us whether or not there are free nanoparticles in the samples, and there are not.

The bumps in the larger (right hand) end of these graphs indicate agglomerates, or the natural sticking together of particles. Because of this we expect that the true particle sizes are somewhat lower than the averages (which include these agglomerates). Note, these samples were taken from our actual sunscreen products, not the raw zinc oxide ingredient.

The nanoparticle controversy stems from the potential health risks caused by nanoparticles if they were to enter the human body. When a substance is so small that it is measured in nanometers (1 to 100 billionths of a meter), the surface area to volume ratio is so great that the actual properties of the substance may change. One comprehensive review of the scientific literature(1) shows that nano-particles of zinc oxide greater than 30nm do not exhibit properties any different than those of larger non-nano sized particles. Science overwhelmingly shows that particles of zinc oxide greater than 30nm, when applied to the skin in a lotion or cream based product, do not get absorbed into the body, do not enter the bloodstream, and are not a threat to human health.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) There are no studies showing that nanoparticles of zinc oxide can penetrate healthy human skin, whereas chemical sunscreen ingredients, which are molecular in size and thus significantly smaller than nanoparticles, are designed to be absorbed into the skin, and thereby they can get into the blood. The biggest concern with nanoparticles in cosmetics is the threat of inhalation when they are used in powders and sprays. This is not a concern when the zinc oxide is dispersed in a cream or lotion base. Even the Environmental Working Group recommends the use of nano-sized mineral sunscreens over chemical sunscreens.

Additionally there are studies showing that very small nanoparticles (smaller than 35nm) of uncoated zinc oxide and uncoated titanium dioxide can be harmful to the environment by being toxic to marine life. The extremely small size of these particles generates oxidative stress under UV light potentially causing cellular damage to sensitive organisms such as coral or juvenile fish and invertebrates.

Many mineral sunscreens use nano sized zinc oxide because it is less whitening and therefore more aesthetically appealing than larger particle zinc oxide. Even though we believe that nanoparticle zinc oxide is safe and effective (all research has shown that particles in the size range used in sunscreens (>30nm) do not penetrate the skin and are completely safe to use in sunscreen creams and lotions), we've chosen to not use nano zinc oxide for a few reasons: 1) our customers have insisted that they don't want nanoparticles in our sunscreens; 2) we've figured out a method of working with larger particle zinc oxide that allows us to use a minimal amount of zinc oxide making it less whitening than other mineral sunscreens; and 3) we would rather not use nanoparticles if we don't need to because of their shorter record of safe use and their potential environmental concerns.

Zinc oxide is one of only 17 active ingredients currently approved by the FDA for use in sunscreens. Upon application, zinc oxide particles sit on the outermost layer of your skin, the stratum corneum, where they scatter, absorb, and reflect ultraviolet radiation, protecting your living skin below. Zinc oxide is unique among sunscreen ingredients in that it is truly a broad-spectrum blocker, protecting from UVA, UVB, and even UVC. Titanium dioxide is another mineral active ingredient you may see in other sunscreens. While it protects from UVB rays very well it does not protect from UVA as well as zinc oxide does.

Many sunscreens use zinc oxide particles that have been coated with an inert substance, usually triethoxycaprylylsilane, to make it easier to mix with the other ingredients and less photo-reactive. At Badger we decided to only use uncoated pharmaceutical grade zinc oxide in our products for the following reasons: 1) triethoxycaprylylsilane and the other coatings are not in alignment with our ingredient standards; 2) we don't consider it important to the safety of larger particle non-nano zinc oxide that we use; 3) we've developed an effective way to mix uncoated zinc oxide into our sunscreen base while maintaining a smooth aesthetically appealing product; and 4) uncoated zinc oxide has been safely used in topical skin care products such as calamine lotion and diaper rash cream for centuries.

Zinc oxide, like most powders, can be a health risk if inhaled, but this is not a concern with cream and lotion-based sunscreens. Zinc oxide can also be somewhat photo-reactive, meaning that UV rays can generate reactive oxygen species (free radicals) which again is not a concern with sunscreens because the zinc oxide particles stay on top of the stratum corneum (the outer dead layer of skin) and any free radicals will not affect living cells below.(4) In addition, the rate of reactivity with the zinc oxide Badger uses is still very low compared to that of titanium dioxide, nanoparticle zinc oxide, and many other chemical sunscreen active ingredients.(6)Furthermore, the inactive ingredients in our sunscreens such as Organic Sunflower Oil and Vitamin E provide powerful antioxidants which help scavenge, or absorb, free radicals. 59ce067264

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